what is Warping?

Warping is aimed at preparing the weaver’s beam to be set up on the weaving machine. Warping
carries out following operations:
• creation, out of a limited number of warp threads (creel load), of a warp composed of any
number of threads with the desired length;
• arrangement of above-mentioned threads according to the desired sequence;
• manufacturing of a warp beam with said characteristics.
If the creeling capacity is equal or higher than the number of warp threads, the warping would
simply entail the direct winding on the warp beam of the threads coming from the creel. Generally
this condition does not take place and, even with creels of high capacity, the number of creeling
positions never corresponds to the number of threads, which is always by far higher than the
number of bobbins which the creel can contain.
This problem has been solved by dividing the warping operation into two phases:
• 1st phase: unwinding of the threads from the bobbins and their winding on intermediate
carriers, till attainment of the required total number of warp threads;
• 2nd phase: simultaneous rewinding of all these threads and subsequent winding on the weaver’s
beam; the contemporaneity of these two operations is the prerequisite to produce a beam
where all threads show same tension and length.
Depending on the kind of intermediate carrier used, the industrial warping process can be carried
out according to two different technologies:
• sectional warping (conical drum or dresser warping);
• beam warping or direct warping (preparatory beam warping).