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types of creel

Mobile creel: this creel type is similar to the standard creel, but is formed by trolleys which can be taken individually out of the creel. The bobbins are creeled up on each trolley outside the creel. During the creeling up of a series of trolleys, the second series of trolleys is brought back to the outside of the creel to feed the warper. This reduces considerably the waiting time. The mobile creel comes in handy especially when there is insufficient room to permit the use of two
standard creels.

Magazine creel: this kind of creel is used when several warps of similar type must be prepared in
sequence, that is when large lots of similar yarns need to be processed. Level with each tensioner, two bobbins are positioned: one operating and the other as reserve.

Swivel frame creel: this type of creel was designed as a variation of the mobile creel to enable the creeling up of bobbins which, owing to their heavy weight (5 to 25 kg), cannot be pinned on trolleys. Each bobbin holder is double-sided: the threads are unwound from one side, while a new series of bobbins is creeled up on the other side.

− V-shaped creel: in this creel type, the creel boards are assembled in form of endless chains. While warping is carried out from the outer sides using the already creeled up bobbins, the subsequent yarn lot can be creeled up on the empty spindles positioned inside the creel. This interior room serves at the same time as storage and bobbin exchange station.
The yarn lot can be changed by simply pushing a button, which starts the electrically drive of the chains. The empty bobbins move towards the inside of the creel, the full bobbins towards the outside.

V-shaped creel

V-shaped creel: in this creel type, the creel boards are assembled in form of endless chains. While
warping is carried out from the outer sides using the already creeled up bobbins, the subsequent yarn lot can be creeled up on the empty spindles positioned inside the creel. This interior room serves at the same time as storage and bobbin exchange station.
The yarn lot can be changed by simply pushing a button, which starts the electrically drive of the chains. The empty bobbins move towards the inside of the creel, the full bobbins towards the outside.

Swivel frame creel

Swivel frame creel: this type of creel was designed as a variation of the mobile creel to enable the
creeling up of bobbins which, owing to their heavy weight (5 to 25 kg), cannot be pinned on trolleys.
Each bobbin holder is double-sided: the threads are unwound from one side, while a new series of bobbins is creeled up on the other side.

definition of Magazine creel

Magazine creel: this kind of creel is used when several warps of similar type must be prepared in
sequence, that is when large lots of similar yarns need to be processed. Level with each tensioner, two bobbins are positioned: one operating and the other as reserve.

what is Mobile creel

this creel type is similar to the standard creel, but is formed by trolleys which can be
taken individually out of the creel. The bobbins are creeled up on each trolley outside the creel. During the creeling up of a series of trolleys, the second series of trolleys is brought back to the outside of the creel to feed the warper. This reduces considerably the waiting time. The mobile creel comes in handy especially when there is insufficient room to permit the use of two standard creels.

what is Creels? | definition of Creels

Independently of the warping system, the threads are fed from bobbins placed on creels. The creels
are simply metallic frames on which the feeding bobbins are fitted; they are equipped with yarn
tensioning devices, which in modern machines are provided with automatic control and centralized
tension variation.
Moreover the creels are equipped with yarn breakage monitoring systems (fig. 5).
The creel capacity is the parameter on which the number of warping sections or beam s depends; it
should be as high as the installation type and planning permit; the usual creel capacity amounts
today to 800-1200 bobbins.
Various solutions have been designed to reduce the time required to load the creel and thus
increase the warping performance (fig. 1, 2, 3, 4). When standard creels are used, the most costeffective
solution is, provided that there is sufficient room available, to use two creels for one and
the same warping machine; in fact, while one of the two creels is used for warping, the other creel
can be creeled up again. In this case it is advisable that the reserve creel is equipped with comb
holder and that the warp threads are already drawn through the dents of the combs. This way the
loss of time caused by creel change can be minimized.

what is Warping?

Warping is aimed at preparing the weaver’s beam to be set up on the weaving machine. Warping
carries out following operations:
• creation, out of a limited number of warp threads (creel load), of a warp composed of any
number of threads with the desired length;
• arrangement of above-mentioned threads according to the desired sequence;
• manufacturing of a warp beam with said characteristics.
If the creeling capacity is equal or higher than the number of warp threads, the warping would
simply entail the direct winding on the warp beam of the threads coming from the creel. Generally
this condition does not take place and, even with creels of high capacity, the number of creeling
positions never corresponds to the number of threads, which is always by far higher than the
number of bobbins which the creel can contain.
This problem has been solved by dividing the warping operation into two phases:
• 1st phase: unwinding of the threads from the bobbins and their winding on intermediate
carriers, till attainment of the required total number of warp threads;
• 2nd phase: simultaneous rewinding of all these threads and subsequent winding on the weaver’s
beam; the contemporaneity of these two operations is the prerequisite to produce a beam
where all threads show same tension and length.
Depending on the kind of intermediate carrier used, the industrial warping process can be carried
out according to two different technologies:
• sectional warping (conical drum or dresser warping);
• beam warping or direct warping (preparatory beam warping).

PHMEA Chairman said that the gas shortage in conjunction with electricity shortage

• Chaudhry Salamat Ali, Chairman Pakistan Hosiery Manufacturers & Exporters Association (PHMEA), North Zone has said that the gas shortage in conjunction with electricity shortage has forced a large number of textile industries and small and medium enterprises to close down or become sick units.

PRGMEA) Zonal Chairman said Rs1.5 billion, released Finance Ministry on account of duty drawback

Pakistan Readymade Garments Manufacturers and Exporters Association (PRGMEA) Zonal Chairman Mohammad Jawed Chinoy has said that over Rs1.5 billion, released by the Finance Ministry on account of duty drawback, is still stuck with the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP).

pakistan government is targeting to enhance value of cotton by 100% from $1,000 per bale to $2,000 per bale

The government is targeting to enhance value of cotton by 100% from $1,000 per bale to $2,000 per bale, through value addition over the next four years, said Shahid Rasheed, Secretary Ministry of Textile Industry. Inaugurating the first international conference on ‘Value Addition and Innovation in Textile’ – COVITEX 2011 at the National Textile University, he said the government was actively pursuing vision of an integrated value chain.

PHMEA North Zone has rejected withdrawal of zero rating

Vice Chairman, Pakistan Hosiery Manufacturers and Exporters Association (PHMEA), North Zone, Faisal Mahboob has rejected withdrawal of zero rating on the local sales of five zero-rated sectors without consulting major stakeholders. In a press statement, Mahboob said that the five zero-rated export sectors are already facing difficult times and now, withdrawal of the zero-rating would create huge problems for the entire cotton supply chain, while massive number of resources would be stuck up.

Pakistan announced withdrawal of custom duties and taxes on machineries in 2009

Under National Textile Strategy 2009-2014, Pakistan announced withdrawal of custom duties and taxes on machineries in 2009. The government announced financial support at low interest rate and LTFF too. After these steps, new investments in the textile sector have started coming in. The country has witnessed 40% increase in the import of textile machineries last year. Pakistan imported textile machineries worth $297 million in 2009-10 compared to $211 million in the previous year, said Prime Minister’s advisor on textile affairs, Mirza Ikhtiar Baig during the Inaugurating the Italian Textile Technology Seminar, organized by Italian Trade Commission – Pakistan.

APTMA FBR the GST rate from 17% to 6% on yarn and 4% GST

Upon successful negotiations with All Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA), the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) has reduced the GST rate from 17% to 6% on yarn and 4% GST will be levied on dyed fabrics for un-registered persons. FBR has also agreed to withdraw 2.5% special excise duty (SED) on textile sector, continuation of zero-rating for export sector.

PTEA) has expressed concern over increase in custom tariff on Pakistani textiles Turkish government

The Pakistan Textile Exporters Association (PTEA) has expressed concern over increase in custom tariff on Pakistani textiles by the Turkish government. PTEA Chairman Wasim Latif said that increased custom duties would jeopardize exports of garments, home textiles and fabrics to Turkey.

textile exports went up by over 28.76% during the first eight months

The country’s textile exports went up by over 28.76% during the first eight months (July-February) of the current fiscal year against the same period of previous year. The exports of textile group were recorded at $8.637 billion during July-February 2010-11 against $6.708 billion in the same period in 2009-10 registering a handsome growth of 28.76%.

textile exporters of clearing their drawback claims

Secretary Ministry of Textile, Shahid Rashid assured the textile exporters of clearing their drawback claims, saying his ministry is making all-out efforts in this regard. Giving details, Shahid Rashid said an amount of Rs 1.6 billion has been forwarded to State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) for refund to be given to the exporters at pro-rata basis; which makes up around 14%. Whereas an amount of Rs 7.5 billion was allocated for this purpose in the last annual budget—and around Rs 17 billion refund claims are expected up to June 30, 2011.

Uzbekistan government has agreed to provide one million cotton bales to Pakistan

With serious effort of Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani, the Uzbekistan government has agreed to provide one million cotton bales to Pakistan up to 30th June 2011. Chairman All Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA) Gohar Ejaz said that the Uzbekistan government has agreed Pakistan government to provide up to one million cotton bales to Pakistan on purely business terms.

18% additional custom duty on imports from Pakistan

Pakistan would suffer a $200 million loss in terms of lower textile exports consequent to Turkey's decision to impose 18% additional custom duty on imports from Pakistan, said Adviser to the Textile Ministry, Dr Mirza Ikhtiar Baig.

Towel Manufacturers Association of Pakistan new GST measures taken government

The Chairman, Towel Manufacturers Association of Pakistan (TMA) South Zone, Syed Usman Ali said that the new GST measures taken by the government would open up a floodgate of corruption to the government officials and the trade. He said that though government did not impose GST on exports directly but as it brought ginners under GST regime besides unregistered suppliers and at import stage imposition of GST would massively affect the exporters resulting in blocking of their capital.

pakistan Export of cotton cloth grew to $1.473 billion

Export of cotton cloth grew to $1.473 billion, besides healthy rise in exports of bedwear, cotton yarn and readymade garments. Analysts said that the European Union member countries bought Pakistani products despite regulatory issues as other exporting countries failed to supply goods. The products shipped to the EU include bedwear, readymade garments and knitwear.

PRGMEA expressed grave concerns textile sector

Mohammad Jawed Chinoy, Zonal Chairman, Pakistan Readymade Garments Manufacturers & Exporters Association (PRGMEA) has expressed grave concerns that the textile sector is under heavy pressure of financial crunch, but this is being totally overlooked by government departments like State Bank of Pakistan and Ministry of Textile Industry for the last 25 years.-

Gul Ahmed Textile declaredlargest exporter to France in Home Textile

Gul Ahmed Textile Mills Limited has been declared the largest exporter to France in Home Textile category. In a simple ceremony Bashir Ali Mohammad, Chairman, Gul Ahmed Textile Mills Ltd and President, International Textile Manufacturers Federation received the prestigious award from the Chief Guest, the Ambassador of France, H.E.Daniel Jouanneau. Gul Ahmed has also achieved this award in previous years and has been the largest home fashion exporter to the European Union.

Bangladesh’s Commerce Ministry revenue department under the Ministry of Finance of India

Bangladesh’s Commerce Ministry recently revealed that, the revenue department under the Ministry of Finance of India has waived its decision of subjecting jute and jute product imports from Bangladesh to 14% duty, through a notification. Bangladesh’s jute industry has recently started recovering from the effects of the global economic slump, with a rise in the demand for jute products in the global market.

Indian Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, has proposed the doubling of textile exports

Anand Sharma, Indian Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, has proposed the doubling of textile exports as part of a draft strategy to help the country hit exports of $450 billion by 2014. To achieve this, he suggested focusing on specialised, niche markets. In his address, the minister described India’s textile industry as a traditional source of strength, generating tremendous employment. This strategy to accelerate export growth is intended to keep the country’s trade deficit within manageable bounds. During 2010-2011, Indian exports are expected to reach $225 billion.

Bangladesh next five years upto 2015

Textile has brought much prosperity to Bangladesh and in the next five years up to 2015, Bangladesh is expected to increase its exports to the level of US$ 50 billions of which US $40 billions would of textiles including garments, said President of Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association Abdus Salam Murshedy.

Turkish textile industry upward march in its trade over the last two years

The Turkish textile industry has been indicating an upward march in its trade over the last two years, and this trend is likely to continue even during the current year, said Ismail Gülle, Head of the Istanbul Textile and Apparel Exporters’ Association. He said both the Turkish economy and the textile industry have started delivering good results since the very start of the current year, he expects the textile sector of the country to grow lucratively in 2011.

Indian technical textiles industry is expected 11% per annum

The Indian technical textiles industry is expected to register a growth of 11% per annum till 2012-13, and is likely to grow at 6% to 8% per annum till 2020 without any policy interventions, said Textiles Secretary Rita Menon. He said if government interventions take place in the form of regulatory push, the growth of technical textiles industry can be estimated at 12% to 15% per annum till 2020. The technical textiles segment in India has a potential to attract investment and create additional employment opportunities in coming years. Investments of Rs.5, 000 crores are expected by 2012 and employment is expected to increase to 12 lakhs by 2012.

South African wool industry stands to lose millions of Rands in lost revenue

The South African wool industry stands to lose millions of Rands in lost revenue due to the halt of raw wool exports as a result of an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in KwaZulu-Natal. The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the South African Wool and Mohair Buyers' Association (Sawamba) and the Wool and Mohair Brokers' Association point out that the potential total losses for the remainder of the 2010-11 season and the 2011-12 season would be in the region of R2345billion, which could cripple the wool trade, and subsequently put a large number of farmers out of business.

Spanish textile and garment industry financial crisis

The Spanish textile and garment industry, which has been affected by the financial crisis, is facing a serious problem, predominantly in terms of production. People purchase very few garments and their demand is also low. The Regional government plans to boost up the cluster of textile and garment units, reorganize the sector both financially as well as structurally, invest capital, generate employment opportunities and set up combined business action plans to increase sales.

India 7% of the garment share in South Africa

India currently has about 7% of the garment share in South Africa, which is a decline from levels in the 1990s, as clothing imports to South Africa have tailed off recently, in part, owing to the increase of tariffs on clothing and textiles. Tariffs on clothing and textiles were, on average, at about 30%, although tariffs on higher end, intricately embellished items, which could not as easily be produced locally, were lower.

Colombian fabric and apparel manufacturers

Colombian fabric and apparel manufacturers may have gotten too comfortable under the global quota system, which assured them access to U.S. and European markets. Even though the system was phased out in 2004, Colombian companies didn't come up with enough innovative products to vie with Chinese imports, said Paula Trujillo, a competitiveness expert at the Inexmoda trade group based.

Readymade garment units in the city of Chennai

Readymade garment units in the city of Chennai (India) downed shutters to protest the imposition of 10% excise duty on branded apparel proposed in the Budget. About 10,000 ready-made garment units across Tamil Nadu remained closed, said Jagdish Sarda, founder president of Chennai Apparel Association.

Bangladesh textile mills was 1,514 with the annual production capacity

In Bangladesh there was no textile mill in the public sector while the number of private sector textile mills was 1,514 with the annual production capacity of 7.20 billion metres in 2009-2010, said MP Mohammad Mujibul Haque, Siddiqui.

AEPC organised exhibitions of Indian textiles

Apparel Export Promotion Council India (AEPC) organised exhibitions of Indian textiles at Cape Town. Nearly 70 top class manufacturers from India showcased their latest contemporary designer collections exclusively to Southern African chain store buyers, independent retailers, boutique owners, home textile & soft furnishing buyers, agents, wholesalers, importers and other industry professionals.

India’s current installed ring spinning spindle capacity is 43 million

India’s current installed ring spinning spindle capacity is 43 million and this is expected to be increased by 2 to 3 million spindles in the next 2-3 years. Increase and replacement of old spindles which may touch 3 million soon will lead to more cotton consumption as well as other fibers by the domestic spinning industry, said Dr. Keshav Raj Kranti, Director of the Central Research for Cotton Research, Nagpur.

Bangladesh has to import cotton

Bangladesh has to import almost all its cotton requirements to feed its spinning industry. In 2009-10 seasons, Bangladesh reportedly imported 640,000 tonnes (3.765 million 170-Kg bales) from different countries of which prominent import sources are Uzbekistan-52%, India-12%, USA-6%, Pakistan-7% and Africa-6%.

The 15 th International Exhibition on Textile Industry (ShanghaiTex 2011)

Textile Industry (ShanghaiTex 2011) will be held at Shanghai New International Expo Centre, Pudong, Shanghai during June 14 – 17, 2011. With 3 months ahead, China and overseas exhibitors are busy preparing their exhibition items and highlights. Several exhibitors have previewed their new machines and technology for a glance. Grand Showcase of Chinese Exhibitors Benefited from new policy of the textile industry in China and global integration of market demand, organizers unveiled that more than 60% exhibitors of ShanghaiTex 2011 are from Chinese mainland and they aim to promote their export business by displaying their latest machines with new function and environmental-friendly, technological innovative equipment. This injects momentum and perspective to ShanghaiTex. Apart from the above Chinese exhibitors, overseas exhibitors such as Switzerland’s Santex, Italy’s BTSR will showcase below new products. Switzerland’s Santex is a textile machinery manufacturer, which specialized in knitted fabric finishing. In recent years, they have launched many high-efficiency and environmental friendly textile products that are welcomed by local and overseas customers. By taking part in W4 (Printing, Dyeing & Finishing Machinery & Textile Chemicals Zone), Santex will display Santastretch Plus, Santaspread, Santacompact CK, Santashrink Progress, Santabrush, SM6, Plurima, etc. Italy’s BTSR, setting up booth in W1 (Knitting & Hosiery Machinery Zone), proves itself to be one of the leading companies in yarn control solution design and development. BTSR will demonstrate Rolling Feeder at Shanghaitex 2011. ROLLING FEEDER is the ultimate BTSR innovation in bare elastomers feeding control, which is devised to impact seamless and knitting sectors habits and trends tied to bare elastomers applications. Besides W1, W3 and W4, “Spinning, Nonwoven & Techtextile Machinery Zone” and “Spare Parts & Accessories Zone”, are full and more exhibitors in these zones will be previewed soon. More than 1,000 local and overseas exhibitors will participate at ShanghaiTex and total exhibition area is expected to reach 92,000 sqm. Active support from Industry Associations Being the long-standing textile machinery exhibition in the industry, ShanghaiTex‘s strong authority and the influential effect have been widely recognized and supported by many local and overseas industry associations. ShanghaiTex 2011 has gained the active support from numerous textile and garment associations from China and in the globe, such as China’s Shenzhen, Foshan ChangCha, Shantou, Lishui, Nanhai, Pujiang etc. while buyer delegations from India, Vietnam, Korea, etc are being organized to visit the show. Sponsored by Shanghai Textile Holding (Group) Corporation, China Council for the Promotion of International Trade Shanghai Sub-council and China Chamber of International Commerce Shanghai Chamber of Commerce, ShanghaiTex is organized by Shanghai International Exhibition Co Ltd., Shanghai Textile Technology Service & Exhibition Centre and Adsale Exhibition Services Ltd. Visitor online pre-registration now opens. Pleases visit the official website of Shanghaitex 2011 to register and for more information: www.ShanghaiTexOnline.com.

16 th Techtextil Symposium and 6th Avantex Symposium

Techtextil, the world’s biggest trade fair for technical textiles and nonwovens, will present a comprehensive symposium programme for exhibitors and visitors from 24 to 26 May 2011. As in the past, the 16 th Techtextil Symposium and the 6 th Avantex Symposium are being held under the patronage of EURATEX – European Apparel and Textile Confederation. Top speakers will present the latest product, material and technology developments and offer a future-oriented view of the trends and developments in the international sector. “Fully in keeping with the motto of the leading international trade fair for technical textiles and nonwovens, ‘Pure innovation energy’, the two symposiums take an in-depth look at issues of importance to the sector and where the trends are headed”, explains Michael Jänecke, Brand Manager Technical Textiles of Messe Frankfurt. “The symposiums offer orientation and information in the expanding sector of innovative textiles and their applications.”

Altogether, visitors and exhibitors have the choice of 60 different Techtextil and Avantex lectures. The focus of the speakers, all experts from business and research, will be on user-oriented presentations with the emphasis on aspects of practical interest to visitors. The 6th Avantex Symposium opens on 24 May 2011 and will concentrate on the Protech area of application. The Techtextil and Avantex Symposiums will be held in the Congress Centre of Frankfurt Fair and Exhibition Centre and all lectures will be translated simultaneously into English and German. Further information and a detailed programme of the two symposiums can be found on the Techtextil website at www.techtextil.com. The participants who purchase their admission tickets for the sym-posiums up to and including 29 April 2011 will receive also an admission ticket for the fair on the day booked. Techtextil 2011: Dates and admission prices Techtextil opens its doors to trade visitors from 09.00 to 18.00 hrs from 24 to 26 May 2011. Day ticket (Online ticket / in advance) € 20 Day ticket (On arrival) € 30 Day ticket, reduced price (On arrival only) € 17 Season ticket (Online ticket / in advance) € 35 Season ticket (On arrival) € 55 Admission tickets to Techtextil are also valid for the concurrent Texprocess, Leading International Trade Fair for Processing Textile and Flexible Materials (24 to 27 May 2011), and Material Vision, Materials for Product Development, Design and Architecture, International Trade Fair and Conference (24 to 26 May 2011). All admission tickets purchased in advance entitle the holder to travel to and from the fair using local public-transport services operated by the RMV publictransport authority. Tickets purchased on arrival at the fair are only valid for the return journey

Innovation Awards 2011

Innovation Awards spotlight the latest developments and promote unconventional thinking. The awards, which will be presented during Techtextil, International Trade Fair for Technical Textiles and Nonwovens, from 24 to 26 May 2011,

spotlight the latest developments, promote unconventional thinking and intensify the dialogue between researchers, manufacturers and users.

Intertextile Beijing Apparel Fabrics

Some 134 accessories suppliers from Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Thailand and mainland China, an 11 percent participation increase from last year’s show will be grouped together on 4,600 sqm of trade space, up 9.5 percent year-on-year, at Intertextile Beijing Apparel Fabrics. The show, runs this spring from 30 March – 1 April 2011 at the China International Exhibition Centre.

The expanded accessories area will occupy the entire hall 9 and a portion of hall 7, meanwhile European accessories will showcase at the SalonEurope in hall 3. In its entirety, the trade fair will cover an exhibition space totalling 50,000 sqm. Also on show will be a variety of buttons, lace and embroideries as well as thread & tapes, labels & tags, ribbons, hooks & loops, appliqués sequins, beads & rhinestones plus many other items.

Buyers and exhibitors benefit from the crossover of three industry events

Intertextile Beijing Apparel Fabrics takes place during the region’s hottest fashion

seasons and runs concurrently with China International Clothing and Accessories Fair

(CHIC) from 28 – 31 March 2011 as well as Yarn Expo Spring from 31 March – 2 April

2011. Free shuttle bus services will be provided for all three events.

Vietnam Saigon Textile & Garment Industry Expo 2011

The Vietnam Saigon Textile & Garment Industry Expo will be held during 8 - 11 April 2011 at TBECC, Hochiminh City, Vietnam. This is the most significant expo in Vietnam and has been held successfully alternatively for 20 times in Hochiminh City and Hanoi since the 1990s . Vietnam's garment industry is expanding and garment export revenue in 2010 reached US$11 billion, a 23% increase from 2009's record. In order achieve the target of becoming the top five garment exporters in the world and increasing the export revenue to more than US$ 19 billion in 2015 and US $25-27 billion in 2020, Vietnam's factories need to upgrading their equipment and renovate the production lines to cope with the continuous orders from overseas.

Fabric and Garment Industry Expo at Sri Lanka

The Fabric & Garment Industry Expo Sri Lanka, which will be held from June 23 to 25, 2011 is supported by the Federation of Chambers of Commerce & Industry of Sri Lanka, and the Sri Lanka Convention Bureau. The garment industry is a major part of Sri Lanka's economy, taking up 46% of its total exports and 67% of its total industrial production. The Sri Lankan Government has plans to increase the total export of garments to US $5 billion by the year 2015. Sri Lanka needs to import different type of machineries, high quality fabrics and materials in order to satisfy the high standard of demand from the United States and the Europe market. Further information: www.cpexhibition.com.

Nicki Minaj's Towering Hairstyle

Marge Simpson is the inspiration behind Nicki Minaj's towering hairstyle. Photos: AP Photo/Fox | Kevin Mazur/WireImage for Casio

Nicki Minaj is confirming what we've always suspected: Marge Simpson is the inspiration behind the candy-colored beehive-like hairstyle she's been rocking lately.

After shocking fans with her Bride of Frankenstein 'do on "Saturday Night Live," Young Money's leading lady has been spotted rocking a towering plume which changes in color from hot pink to green to blond. The inspiration for the hairstyle apparently surprised even the "Monster" rapper herself.

"Never did I think I would be rocking the Marge Simpson," she told People, of her cartoon-inspired 'do. "But you know what, now that I am [wearing] them I realize that she was cutting edge and before her time. So shout out to Marge."

Minaj went on to explain that her wigs allow her to change her identity daily to fit that day's mood. "My wigs are ever-changing in height, width, color, size," she revealed. "They make me feel happy. Wearing them makes me feel that I can be a different person every day and that is kind of exciting ... Sometimes I wake up in the morning and I am like, 'This is a high-top day' or 'This is a bob day,' but when I get my clothes on that's when I see."

The colorful MC also revealed that she has employed hair stylist Terrence Davidson to make certain that her hair is always looking fresh and new. "I always have lots of wigs to choose from," she explained. "Terrence, my hair dresser, is always on the prowl. He is always making new stuff, and we talk about new styles as the days go by. Of course I wear them more than once. Wash it and rotate, and it is good as new."

Cuts & Style, Hair, Celebrity, News, Celebrity Hair
big hair, celebrity hair, crazy hair, Marge Simpson, Nicki Minaj, People, PopEater, Terrence Davidson, wig

Problems faced by the finishing sector

Pakistan textile industry is facing challenges due to social and environmental compliance issues from US and European buyers. The impact of environmental regulations on the textile sector of Pakistan can be classified according to many parameters. However, the major area of concern for the textile-processing sector is wastewater. Textile processing is a water intensive process. Rising cost of production coupled with high interest rate, is the big factor in making the products uncompetitive. On the other hand Pakistan offered the lowest unit price for its textile and clothing products even lesser than Bangladesh, India, China in international market. The government gave out a number of incentives in textile packages, research and development (R&D) support and swapping of costly loans to this sector. According to the State Bank of Pakistan financial institutions have disbursed Rs836 billion to textile sector during the first-half of the current fiscal year against Rs657 billion in the corresponding half last year, depicting a growth of 27%. Major chunk of Rs768 billion disbursed for the manufacturing of textiles, including spinning, weaving and finishing, manufacture of made-up articles, knitwear and carpet and rugs. The remaining Rs68 billion was disbursed on manufacturing of wearing, apparel, readymade garments and dressing. Due to shortage of gas and electricity textile industry — from spinning and weaving to value-added garments and made-ups and home textile units have begun downsizing workforce to save the costs. The industry is laying off part of its workforce from skilled and semi-skilled labour to junior and mid-career marketing and sales executives to cut the costs and reduce their losses. Recently government has agreed with the business community to continue zero rating facility for textile sector and 0% Federal Excise Duty, however it will impose withholding tax of 1% on this sector, 6% tax at yarn and 6% tax at dyed fabric. This scheme would be only for registered entities, companies and exporters. However, duty on import of raw materials would also remain zero.

Export of cotton fabrics

Export of cotton fabrics: The global trade in woven fabrics can be classified into two broad categories, cotton and blended fabrics and synthetic and artificial fabrics, commonly referred to as manmade fabric. Asia is fast emerging as major source of exports, especially of textiles, to the USA, EU and other countries of the world. Pakistan has emerged as one of the major cotton textile product suppliers in the world market. Pakistan's textile products have become less competitive in the international market owing to tough competition from Bangladesh, India and China.

Export of cotton fabrics decreased from 2.63 billion sq meters worth US $ 2.11 billion in 2005-06 to 1.75 billion sq meters worth US $ 1.80 billion in 2009-10, thus showing decline of 15% in terms of value. Table-3 shows export of cotton fabrics. About 40% of the fabric exported from Pakistan is in unprocessed form. Dyed fabric is only 20% of the total fabric exports. Export of fabrics in unprocessed fabric results in low unit value realization. Major markets for Pakistan's fabric are Turkey, Spain, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Germany, USA, Italy and China. Countrywise export of cotton fabrics from Pakistan is given in Table-4.

Import of machinery

Import of machinery: At present Pakistan's textile sector has made considerable advances in production. Over the last ten years (1999-2010) this sector has invested more than $ 7.0 billion in modernization and higher value addition. Import of textile printing and finishing machines increased from Rs 587.85 million in 2008-09 to Rs 1.41 billion in 2009-10, thus showing an increase of 140% in terms of value. Import of textile printing and finishing machinery into Pakistan is given in Table 2.

Due to withdrawal of custom duties and taxes and introduction of concessional financing and LTFF on the import of textile machinery, the new investment in the textile sector has started coming in.

Pakistani textile finishing industry facing new challenges

The textile sector contributing 67% to the country's exports, 40% to employment and 8.5% to the GDP - has shown substantial development during the last few years. The exact number of factories, having high-speed rotary textile printing and processing units, is not known. However, most of the available units working on Hi- Tec machines are owned by big industrial and commercial cartels such as Adamjees, Gul Ahmeds etc. At present there are more than 700 independent processing units working in and around Faisalabad, Gujranwala and Karachi, in which about 70 integrated units with complete, finishing facilities. These integrated units have complete finishing facilities i.e. bleaching, mercerising, dyeing, calendaring and printing. These textile printing and processing units have been classified into three categories i.e. A, B and C. Category-A integrated units have complete finishing facilities i.e. bleaching mercerizing, dyeing, calendaring and printing. These units from the power loom sector procure cloth and after processing they marked it under own brand names. At times, these units also provide finishing facilities to the traders on charge basis. Category-B units directly compete with the products of integrated units. In terms of quality, design and colour, their products are in no-way inferior to the products of integrated mills. Like the integrated mills these units also sell their products in wholesale market. Category-C units are those, which do not have complete finishing facilities. These are either engaged in bleaching and dyeing. In comparison with Type-A, these units perform more work on job order basis. Besides, they also procure cloth from the market and after processing market in

under their own brand names. Fabric is nothing but a clothing material which is made up of threads or yarn. It is a process of knitting, weaving, crocheting, and knotting. Fabric is used everywhere in daily needs. It is used in curtains, bedding, clothing, apparel, fashion industry, furnishing etc. Fabric is used in textile industries. Synthetic fabric is not a natural material but it is an artificial process. It produces the nylon, polyester, and acrylic. These materials are mainly used in clothing. Fabrics make our life very colourful. The fact that most folks recognize how fabric can change frame of mind is the reason for the popularity of its colours, materials. Production of cloth: The weaving and made-up sectors have three different subsectors in weaving viz. integrated, independent weaving units and power loom sector. Cloth is being produced in both mill and non-mill sectors. Pakistan’s fabric range from coarse to super varieties, with coarse and medium varieties consumed locally. The use of coloured cotton being unique and attractive has the potential to become a part of cotton fabric and apparel market, but there are some limitations to it. The natural coloured cotton is low in yield usually short staple and weaker in strength. There are a large number of vertically integrated units, where production is controlled from fibre to the end product, and marketed abroad directly. Production of cloth (mill sector) increased from 915 million sq. meters in 2005-06 to 1,009 million sq. meters in 2009-10, thus showing an average increase of 2% per annum. Out of total production of cloth during 2009-10 in mill sector, 57% produced in grey form, 30% dyed and printed, and 13% blended and bleached. Production of cloth (mill-sector) is given in Table-1.

Environmental problems and issues in Dyeing Printing Finishing

Consumers are now concerned about the green activities and choose products, that are non-toxic and cause no harm to both the humans and the environment. This trend for eco-friendly products has been extended to textile and apparel products, particularly those products which directly come into contact with the skin for prolonged period. Many chemicals used in the textile industry cause environmental and health problems. These problems may occur during the production process, with respect to emissions or occupational health problems. Other problems caused by these chemicals appear due to their presence in the final product. However, worldwide environmental problems associated with the textile industry are typically those associated with the water pollution caused by the discharge of untreated effluent and those because of use of toxic chemicals especially during processing. These chemicals can harm consumer if retained in the fabric. During the past few decades the awareness regarding environmental problems has increased considerably and has become an important issue in the textile trade due to various environmental and health legislations, and also environmental policy is increasingly dictated through market forces. REACH is a European Union regulation concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals. It came into force on 1st June 2007 and replaces a number of European Directives and Regulations with a single system with the aim to safeguard human health and environment.

Dyeing Printing Finishing

Textile finishing sector faces worldwide environmental problems

by Dr. Noor Ahmed Memon

Textiles and clothing trade is a vital part of the world economy with many nations heavily dependent on the sector for foreign exchange earnings and employment generation. Increasing environment consciousness, newer legislations to preserve environment and human rights etc have further created challenges. Many chemicals used in the textile industry cause environmental and health problems. These problems may occur during the production process, with respect to emissions or occupational health problems. Finishing process: Finishing operation entails production of finished textile fabric from greige goods. Finishing operations are predominantly wet operations requiring large amounts of thermal energy for water heating and drying as well as dyes and chemicals. Woven greige goods require some additional steps prior to dyeing, as compared to knit goods. As the first step in finishing woven goods, singeing burns protruding fibers by passing the fabric over an open flame or heated plates to produce a cleaner fabric and reduce hairiness. Sizes and other ingredients added during slashing in the weaving mill are removed in the desizing operation by washing them in a detergent solution at temperatures up to 200°F and then rinsing them with fresh water. The process produces a waste water stream of 100°F to 120°F. Scouring is another washing process using steam and detergents to remove oils and mineral materials. The scouring can be done by batch in pressurized vessels known as kiers or on a continuous basis. In either case, high temperatures, to 250°F, and long retention times, up to 12 hours, are used to ensure thorough saturation and cleaning. Finally, the fabric is rinsed. A waste stream of warm, contaminated water is produced. Next, the fabric is bleached, washed, and rinsed several times to achieve uniformity and improve its ability to absorb dyestuffs later in the finishing operation. Mercerizing is an optional step and consists of a caustic spray, tensioning, water rinse, water wash, acid dip, and final water wash, and produces a warm wastewater stream. Knitted goods do not require de-sizing and bleaching. The finishing process requires only scouring to thoroughly clean the goods prior to dyeing. As with woven fabric, the step involves hot water washes and rinsing, and produces warm, contaminated waste water. The process of dyeing fabrics and garments is an age old process, in which only natural dyes were used until the industrial revolution made them obsolete with the discovery of chemical and petroleum based dyes. Most textiles today are dyed chemically and can contain harmful substances such as lead, other heavy metals, and even arsenic. Naturally dyed fabrics, on the other hand, are completely biodegradable and non-toxic, if an organic substrate is being used. The natural dye process is environmentally sound. The water and energy used in the process is minimized, and the water run-off is clean and can be returned directly to the water table. However using natural dyes is expensive while the mass produced dyes are more economical. However with the increasingly strict regulations and their implementation harmful dyes such as AZO dyes have now been eliminated. Textile printing has become a concept rather than just an embellishment on an outfit contributing to the style and shape of the garment. Digital printing, the newest as well as the most potential textile printing means, is increasingly becoming more accessible for the textile printers around the world to enable the designers to produce innovative prints as per their imagination in the right colour on the right fabric. Technological advancements in textile printing made the two aspects associated with textile printing - the designing and the printing, more interdependent. Today’s textile printing technology facilitates precise and exact placing of prints on a garment, enables the manufacturers to decrease or increase the size of the print, modify the background tones, produce optical illusions, print advanced graphics, and offer the best translation of every single design. According to a market research report on “Textile Printing”, Asia Pacific represents the world’s largest as well as fastest growing region in textile printing production. Asia Pacific accounts for more than half of the world textile printing production with China and India, the two most populous countries in the world. By fabric type apparel represents the largest fabric segment, while interior/ furnishings represent the fastest growing and second largest fabric segment for textile printing. In textile processing the concept of eco-friendly products and processes have received significant appreciation all over the world; and the legislation and public enforcement and awareness in developed countries are responsible for that. Indirectly, such enforcement had partly resulted in the growth and development of conventional textile processing in developing countries, where low-waged work force and reduced environment control are prevalent.

Heimtextil goes City

For the seventh year running, the ‘Heimtextil goes City’ consumer campaign in cooperation with over 25 interior decorators, museums and bed dealers throughout Frankfurt attracted around 2,500 customers and consumers interested in home textiles. “Heimtextil goes City is the only on-going consumer campaign to be held within the framework of a leading international trade fair, which is, moreover, the foremost platform for the sector”, said Deputy Guild Master and co-organiser Stephan Kosubek.

The next Heimtextil, International Trade Fair for Home and Contract Textiles, will be held in Frankfurt am Main from 11 to 14 January 2012 in Frankfurt am Main.

Heimtextil Interior Competence by AIT

For architects, interior architects and planners, the ‘Let’s have a look – Interior Competence by AIT’ area was the place to go for highgrade lectures and presentations relating to the contract business.

In this part of the fair – ‘Contract Creations’ – Heimtextil also offered clear orientation for this expanding field of business with the ‘Contract Guide’.

As in previous years, Heimtextil was the setting for the presentation of awards for outstanding ideas and product qualities, such as the ‘Young Contract Creations Award: Upholstery’ for

young designers, the ‘AIT Innovation Award Textile + Contract’ and the ‘Bed Dealer of the Year’. Additionally, a special ‘Trend Scouting’ jury of architects and designers under the auspices of AIT trade magazine selected 15 trend products.

Heimtextil published a ‘Green Directory’

Heimtextil 2011 took account of the growing consumer interest in the ‘green’

segment with a variety of special services and events on the subject of sustainability.

For the first time, Heimtextil published a ‘Green Directory’ with exhibitors whose products are distinguished by high ecological product quality and / or sustainable methods of production.

Lectures in the ‘Let’s talk about it!’ area and the ‘Green Exhibition – Welcome to Utopia’ product presentation offered insights into a broad spectrum of sustainable product concepts for home and household textiles.

Heimtextil Trends 2011/2012

The presentation of the international Heimtextil Trends 2011/2012 for the coming home-textile season was one of the major attractions for designers, buyers and retailers. Under the motto ‘Reconnect’, design experts from Great Britain, Italy, France, The Netherlands , Germany and Japan formulated the basic trends for modern home textiles under four leitmotifs.

Record number of exhibitors in Heimtextil

Record number of exhibitors

This large number of visitors goes hand-in-hand with a large

number of exhibitors. This year, 2,601 exhibitors from 60 countries took part (2010: 2,469, basis: FKM), 87% of them from outside Germany, a new record level of internationality. The best

represented European exhibitor nations were Germany, Turkey,

Italy, Spain, France and Great Britain. From overseas, they were

China, India, Pakistan, Taiwan and the USA.

On the whole, the excellent exhibitor and visitor statistics for

Heimtextil mean the German fair and exhibition business can look

forward to a successful year. In the sector, the Heimtextil is

regarded as an important trend indicator because it is the first

eading international trade fair of the year in

Germany. “The signs from Frankfurt are

unequivocal – in the wake of the economic

crisis, leading trade fairs are more important

than ever before”, remarked Detlef Braun.

According to a current poll conducted by the

Association of the German Trade Fair Industry (Messeausschuss

der Deutschen Wirtschaft e.V. – AUMA), fairs and exhibitions

account for 43% of the marketing budget and are, therefore, the

most important tool in the B2B sector.

Martin Auerbach, General Manager of the Association of the

German Home Textile Industry (Verband der Deutschen

Heimtextilien-Industrie), Wuppertal, summarized the fair on

behalf of the domestic industry: “Heimtextil 2011 was a perfect

start to the business year with a large number of exhibitors who

attracted a veritable flood of visitors, an extensive complementary

programme of events that catered for all aspects and an atmosphere that gave our members good ground to anticipate a successful new year. These at least are the conclusions to be drawn

from the many very good discussions held by our members with

all key accounts at the fair.”

No less than 5,400 experts from the German interior decorator trade registered for Heimtextil 2011. “This is a good 50% of

total qualified interior decoration companies in Germany”, said

Henning Cronemeyer, General Manager of the German Interior

Decoration Association (Zentralverband Raum und Ausstattung),

Bonn, at the end of the fair. “Our members have taken away a

host of fresh ideas and new products for decorating walls and

ceilings, as well as for decorative fabrics, upholstered furnishings

and sun protection systems. And there was an incredible response

to the Heimtextil customer programme – this sign of appreciation

of interior decorators as experts for the world’s most important

trade fair for home textiles was greatly appreciated. New and

interesting for our members was the perfect arrangement of all

suppliers of relevance in the exhibition halls – and the excellent

design quality of offers for the interior-decoration trade. There is

still much of relevance for our trade that remains to be discovered

at the fair.”

German bed dealers were also satisfied. “Our members were

very pleased with the range of products to be seen in the halls

and the ‘Bed’n Excellence’ trade-visitor programme in Hall 8”,

says Axel Augustin, German Association of the Textile Retail

Trade (Bundesverband des Textileinzelhandels – BTE), Cologne.

The spectrum of exhibits to be seen at Heimtextil 2011 was

dominated by new products and many companies presented

home and household textiles produced using sustainable meth

ods. However, trade visitors were also impressed by new developments in the fibres field and the introduction of fashion labels

with home textile brands.

For example, Escada is launching its first home collection this

year and has given the licence to Erbelle Spirit GmbH, Germany.

General Manager, Noam Engber: “The presentation of our Escada

brand in the ‘home’ section was a world première. We are very

pleased with the course of business at the fair. The echo was very

good and we welcomed customers from Europe, the USA and

Asia. We liked Hall 11.0 very much and will be back again here

next year.”

With Hugo Boss Home, Franck Vandenabeel, Vice President,

Olivier Desforges, France, brought exclusive designer-bed linen to

the fair: “This is our first time with the Hugo Boss Home and

Olivier Desforges brands at Heimtextil although we previously

exhibited here for around ten years. Moreover, we have been

very pleasantly surprised. Our aim was to gain a foothold in the

German market with the Hugo Boss licence. The feedback has

been good and we are very pleased with the number of contacts

to potential partners. At Heimtextil, you find a large range of

trademarks, numerous different manufacturers and representatives of the major department stores.”

Holger Steuter, Marketing Manager, biederlackborbo blankets and throws, confirmed the good course of business at the

fair. “Heimtextil is a very good order fair for us and the orders

received at this year’s fair were also very good.”

Manufacturers of fabrics, wall coverings and curtains were

very pleased with their new location in Hall 3.1. Dr. Michael

Pehlke, Head of Public Relations of paint manufacturer J. W.

Ostendorf, Germany, said, “This was our first time at Heimtextil

as exhibitors. For us, the fair represented the starting shot for our

campaign to position our innovative Signeo brand for individual

colour worlds in the market. All-in-all, we are very pleased with

our participation, i.e., the numerous successful discussions, the

location of our stand in the very attractive Hall 3.1, and the visit

of Jette Joop who developed the colour concepts for Signeo. We

will certainly give serious consideration to returning for Heimtextil

2012.”

Over 73,000 trade visitors in Heimtextil

Over 73,000 trade visitors from the fields of purchasing, the retail trade, interior decoration,

architecture, design and contract furnishing attended the four-day trade fair, an increase of

around 2,300 compared to last year (2010: 70,786, basis: FKM).

The number of German visitors remained stable at 25,200 with growth coming from abroad – an additional 2,400 visitors to make a total of 47,700.

The ten best represented visitor nations are Italy, Turkey,

Great Britain, China, Spain, the USA, France, The Netherlands,

Poland and the Russian Federation. These countries also generated the highest rates of growth that, in many cases, ran into

double digits. Altogether, visitors from outside German now

account for two thirds of Heimtextil visitor

Pakistan participated at Heimtextil 2011

Home textiles from Pakistan

Around 210 manufacturers of home textiles from Pakistan participated at Heimtextil 2011. During last 10 years, this participation has increased remarkably making Pakistan the fourth largest exhibiting country at Heimtextil after China, India and

Germany. The exhibition area has also increased manifold for many of the participating Pakistani companies over the years. According to Mr. Naqi Bari,

Chairman Bari Textile Mils, Heimtextil this year is a show where both buyers

and Pakistani suppliers are cautiously negotiating and doing business but for

short term only due to the uncertain cotton prices. However the signals are good

for Pakistan’s home textiles as buyers seem willing to accept higher prices.

According to Mr. Ayaz Thaver of GIA Associates, one of the first exhibitors from Pakistan at Heimtextil, “the platform of

Heimtextil has been instrumental in development of the home textile sector in Pakistan. The exhibitors who came to the

first Heimtextil were able to market their products without any quotas and restrictions. This helped them to establish a solid

base of home textile industry in Pakistan. Heimtextil has gained even more importance for Pakistan with time.” In the following pages we bring for our readers some glimpses of Heimtextil 2011.

Twin-pronged success at the start of the home-textile year: 5%

more exhibitors and 3% more trade visitors at Heimtextil 2011

The Heimtextil exhibition at the beginning of the year was a great success with

three percent more trade visitors from 136

countries (2010: 120 visitors) and five percent more exhibitors.

Detlef Braun, Member of the Board of

Management of Messe Frankfurt, summarizing the results of the world’s biggest trade

fair for home and contract textiles.

“Important for us, however, is not just the

growth in participant numbers but also the

increased quality of the fair, which both

exhibitors and visitors rated as being very

good.”